Background:

Most older patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML cannot tolerate intensive treatment and are not eligible for curative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). 131I-apamistamab, an anti-CD45 radioimmunoconjugate, delivers high dose targeted radiation to hematopoietic cells, allowing for myeloablation and eradication of leukemic cells. 131I-apamistamab led induction and conditioning can provide these pts with access to alloHCT.

Methods:

SIERRA (NCT02665065) was a multi-center, randomized, controlled phase 3 study comparing the efficacy of 131I-apamistamab led induction and conditioning versus physician's choice of conventional care (CC) in pts ≥55 years of age with active, R/R AML. Pts were randomized (1:1, n=153) to CC or 131I-apamistamab with fludarabine and total body irradiation (2 Gy) followed by alloHCT. Primary endpoint was durable complete remission (dCR), defined as CR ≥6 mos with or without platelet recovery (CRp). Pts not achieving CR in CC could crossover (CO) to receive 131I-apamistamab. Treatment with 131I-apamistamab was prescribed as an individualized dose for each pt following a dosimetric infusion and biodistribution analysis, with the prescribed activity of 131I set to deliver a maximum estimated radiation dose to the liver as the dose limiting organ of 24 Gy (determined as the maximum tolerable dose (MTD)) in earlier studies), thereby providing the highest dose to the diseased bone marrow and circulating leukemic cells without exceeding individual organ radiation dose tolerances. Here, we performed an analysis to determine whether a radiation dose-response relationship could be established based on either 1) administered radiation dose to liver and the rate of achieving the primary endpoint of dCR (with 95% binomial confidence intervals) or 2) dCR rate and the ratio of bone marrow/liver absorbed radiation dose as an indicator of favorable biodistribution between target/risk organ.

Results:

All pts receiving the therapeutic dose of 131I-apamistamab (n=66) were able to receive an alloHCT, and the primary endpoint (dCR) was achieved in 13 pts receiving 131I-apamistamab vs 0 pts in CC (p<0.0001). The median absorbed liver dose was 21.6 Gy (IQR: 21.0 - 22.8 Gy), median absorbed dose to bone marrow was 16.0 Gy (IQR: 11.5 - 22.3 Gy), and median ratio between marrow/liver dose was 0.79 (IQR: 0.52 - 1.02). Table 1 shows the distribution and rate of dCR for pts who received above or below 22 Gy administered dose to liver (24 Gy to liver was the established MTD from earlier studies, in which doses were escalated in 2 Gy increment and thus, 22 Gy represented MTD-1), and for pts stratified by marrow/liver dose ratio (higher ratio representing more favorable biodistribution). Pts with ≤22 Gy liver dose had a dCR rate of 13.5% vs. 27.6% for pts with >22 Gy liver dose, and pts with <median dose to bone marrow had a dCR rate of 12.1% vs. 27.3% for pts with ≥median estimated marrow dose. Importantly, pts with increasingly favorable biodistribution had nominally higher dCR rates of 10.0%, 20.0% and 26.9% for a marrow/liver ratio <0.6, 0.6-0.9 and >0.9, respectively, as illustrated in Figure 1. Taken together this demonstrates a radiation dose-response for the primary endpoint in this study. Overall, safety was similar across doses to the liver.

Conclusion:131I-apamistamab led induction and conditioning followed by alloHCT resulted in statistically significant improvement in dCR at 6 mos vs conventional care. A dose-response was demonstrated for pts receiving 131I-apamistamab with those receiving a liver dose closer to the MTD of 24 Gy having about twice the dCR rate compared to pts 22 Gy (MTD-1) or less. We also found pts with higher marrow/liver ratio experienced considerably higher rates of dCR which highlights the importance of maximizing the dose to target tissues, within the limits of established risk organ dose tolerances.

Gyurkocza:Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Research Funding. Nath:ADC Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; AlloVir: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria. Choe:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Other: Support for attending meetings and/or travel; MJH Life Sciences: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs to institution; Opna: Other: Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs to institution, Research Funding; NIH National Cancer Institute: Research Funding. Foran:BeiGene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium: Research Funding; Kura: Research Funding; Sellas: Research Funding; Roivant: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; NCI: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Abedin:Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daichii Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Actinium Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; AltruBio: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Kebriaei:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria. Sabloff:Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Taiho Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Orozco:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Other: Site PI for clinical trials sponsored by Actinium, Research Funding. Jamieson:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Other: Principal Investigator, SIERRA Trial, Research Funding. Van Besien:Actinium: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Calibr: Research Funding; Avertix: Current equity holder in private company; Orca: Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Research Funding; Intellia: Consultancy; Hemogenyx: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Moprhosys: Consultancy; SNIPR: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Schuster:Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Actinium: Research Funding; AlloVir: Research Funding; Amgen: Other: Stock, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Speakers Bureau; Beigene: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Epizyme: Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Speakers Bureau; GSK: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MorphSys: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Rafael: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; ADC Therapeutics: Other; CTI Biopharma Corp: Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Macrogenomics: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Law:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Mayer:Omeros: Consultancy. Lazarus:Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Leung:Advanced Accelerator Applications Canada Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Chen:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Spross:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Li:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Nagl:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Haeuber:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Vusirikala:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Nahar:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Sandmaier:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pagel:Loxo Oncology at Lilly: Current Employment. Giralt:Amgen, Actinuum, Celgene/BMS, Kite Pharma, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Spectrum Pharma, Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen, Actinuum, Celgene/BMS, Omeros, Johnson & Johnson, Miltenyi, Takeda: Research Funding. Desai:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Wahl:Clarity Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Voximetry: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Siemens: Consultancy, Other: Research Contracts; Radpharm: Consultancy; Perspective Pharmaceuticlas: Other: Research Contracts; ITM: Other: Research Contracts. Pandit-Taskar:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Telix: Consultancy; Fusion: Consultancy. Brodin:Actinium Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Stiff:CRISPR: Consultancy; Amgen: Research Funding; AtaraBiotherapeutics: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Gamida Cell: Research Funding; Incyte Corp: Research Funding; Macrogenics: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding.

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2023
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